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Aside from a discussion about euthanasia, aggressive behavior in animals is one of the most difficult pet topics to discuss. However, according to veterinarians and humane societies, the number one reason animals are euthanized is for behavior problems. We think of euthanasia as a merciful relief from suffering for an incurably ill or old animal. But the majority of pets are euthanized because of behavior problems.

Aggressive behavior in pets must be addressed without delay. The longer it continues, the harder it is to change. Don't wait until someone is injured to seek help with this problem.

Some behavioral problems result from medical problems. A thorough physical examination by a veterinarian may reveal an underlying medical condition. A dog may be aggressive due to an injury or a congenital defect. Hip dysplasia and car accident injuries account for many episodes of canine aggressive behavior. Dental problems as well as chronic skin conditions can make a pet uncomfortable, leading to a low level of tolerance, resulting in aggression.

Pet behavior is a new and growing field. Your veterinarian may have some suggestions on curbing aggressive behavior. However, veterinarians often don't feel qualified to give such advice because their training is in medicine and surgery rather than behavior.

If the pet is healthy and initial efforts to curb the behavior don't work, then it is wise to contact a board-certified behaviorist. This is a veterinarian who specializes in animal behavior. Since mishandled aggressive behavior is potentially dangerous, most specialists will want to see the pet and the owner in person.

A pet dog or cat is a 15-year emotional, physical and monetary commitment. A little advance planning can help make it a rewarding experience. Prospective owners can reduce the chance that they will end up with an aggressive pet by educating themselves. There are many good books and pamphlets on pet behavior and there is much information regarding each individual breed. It is strongly recommended to read several books about general pet care and about handling and raising a puppy or kitten.

When picking out a puppy or kitten, don't choose the most aggressive or the shiest one in the litter. Pick out a friendly, happy animal that comes to you. Then, while the kitten or puppy is young, allow him (or her) to experience a variety of different situations, people, and other animals. Early socialization is very important for the development of the pet and particularly how he (or she) deals with the world.

If you are considering adopting an adult animal that is known to be aggressive, be realistic about your expectations. Even if the problem was the result of the previous environment, rehabilitating an aggressive animal is a big project. To believe the animal needs only tender loving care is a mistake. Animals do change, but it takes love, persistence, and lots of time. An aggressive pet is a tremendous liability, especially if there are young children around. If a pet shows signs of aggression, the most important thing is to get help right away. Whatever you do, don't delay.

Facts About Cat Fables

They're playful and loving, aloof and mysterious, frisky and mischievous. They're cats! And The Humane Society of the United States invites you to celebrate our feline friends in all their glory and to see these graceful creatures with new appreciation.

Cats have fascinated humans ever since the day, probably about four thousand years ago, the first domestic cat made himself at home on the hearth by the fire. From ancient times to our modern age, myths and superstitions have surrounded cats. The ancient Egyptians worshiped them as gods, but people in later centuries feared them as harbingers of witchcraft and evil.

In today's high-tech world, we may think we've outgrown such fables. Yet a surprising number of modern-day myths about cats persist. Did you know that the following are feline fables, not facts?

Feline Fables

1. CATS ARE "NO-MAINTENANCE" PETS. Because cats are litter-trained, some people think that simply giving their cat food and water is enough. Not so. Cats also need regular veterinary care and, just as important, lots of love and attention.
2. CATS ALWAYS LAND ON THEIR FEET. While cats can often land on their feet after a short fall, falling from heights is another story. Upper-level windows and porches, unless securely screened, should be off-limits to cats, particularly in high-rise buildings.
3. CATS CAN'T BE TRAINED. Cats will, of course, do things their way if left to their own devices. But most cats can be taught to obey simple rules like not scratching the couch, eating plants, or jumping up on the kitchen counter. Repeated, gentle, and consistent training gets good results.
4. CATS AREN'T HAPPY UNLESS THEY CAN GO OUTSIDE TO ROAM AND HUNT. Cats like to play, prowl, and pounce, and they can do all those activities indoors with you and a few toys - without being exposed to predators, disease, traps, poison, and traffic. Indoor cats are healthier, happier - and safer!







5. CATS BECOME FAT AND LAZY AFTER THEY ARE SPAYED OR NEUTERED. Cats, just like people, generally become fat because they eat too much and don't get enough exercise. The fact is, cats who are spayed or neutered live longer lives and make better companions. And they don't contribute to the pet-overpopulation problem in this country, where millions of unwanted cats and dogs are destroyed every year. There's no need to wait until a female cat has had a litter to have her spayed; it can be done before her first heat cycle.
6. CATS CAN SEE IN THE DARK. Cats cannot see in total darkness any better than a person can. They can see better than other animals in semidarkness, however, because of their eyes' anatomy.
7. CATS DON'T NEED TO WEAR A COLLAR AND TAGS. An identification tag is a lost cat's ticket home. Every cat, even an indoor cat, should wear a collar with an ID tag to help him come home if he is lost. Many cat owners believe a collar can injure a cat. But a breakaway collar lets a cat escape if the collar becomes snagged.
8. CATS WHO DISAPPEAR FOR A COUPLE OF DAYS ARE JUST OUT HUNTING; THERE'S NO NEED TO WORRY. The prolonged disappearance of any pet is cause for alarm. Cats are no exception, and as domestic animals, they cannot cope with the dangers posed by the outdoors. For their own safety and well-being, cats should always be kept indoors, but if your cat does somehow become lost, he needs to be looked for immediately - before it's too late.







9. CATS WILL SUCK THE BREATH FROM SLEEPING INFANTS. Curious by nature, a cat may want to climb into the crib to see what new manner of squalling creature her family has brought home. But she won't suck the baby's breath. She may feel a little jealous, however, so introductions should be gradual. Lots of lavish attention will also help reassure her that she's still an important member of the family. Cats can suffer from sibling rivalry, too!
10. CATS ARE ALOOF, INDEPENDENT ANIMALS AND DON'T REALLY WANT A LOT OF ATTENTION FROM HUMANS. Cats are domestic animals because they live in the home. They crave human companionship and establish loving bonds with their human families. They may not always show it, but that's just the feline way. If you toss the cat outdoors, or spend little time with him, you'll never know the rewarding - and very special - relationship that comes from making a cat a true member of the family.

Dogs are not only our friends, but also our protectors. And in this case, they even keep our beds insect-free! Today, dogs are increasingly being used to help sniff out bed bug infestations around the nation. Companies like "Sniff K9" even offer bed bug certification programs – where dogs run the show. Sniff K9 works with people at their own homes, or those in the hospitality and retail business to ensure that rooms and products are bed-bug free. You can also buy these bed-bug sniffing companions.

The recent surge in these services is due to an increase in bed bug infestations experienced around the country. "Bed bugs are no longer common simply in cheap motels," stated the co-founder of Sniff K9, "but are now frequent at even 5-star facilities and luxury boutiques."

Dogs are used because of their incredibly keen sense of smell. What dog is best for the task, however, may be up for debate. Sniff K9 uses Labradors because they are characteristically fearless, especially when it comes to searching small spaces, relatively low maintenance, and are particularly good at detecting scents. Although seemingly odd or unconventional, the method appears to be a rather effective and quick way to keep these unwanted guests out of your bed.

No one appreciates a loudmouth, or someone who chews with their mouth wide open. These things are obvious rules of etiquette we all follow so that we are not rude to others.

Being a pet owner also comes with its own etiquette rules and while some may seem obvious, it is always helpful to remind ourselves what we should do to be considerate pet owners. After all, you want people to view you as a responsible pet owner and your furry friend as a well behaved companion.

So, without further ado, here they are:

City vs. Rural Living – The importance and rigidness of pet etiquette are in direct proportion to the population density of where you live. If you live in an urban area there not only will be more etiquette rules, but greater importance placed on them than if you live in a rural area.

Leashes – Many municipalities require all dogs that are walked in public or are taken to specific areas such as parks, beaches and other public places have a leash. People may enjoy seeing dogs at the park, but also may not appreciate them running wild. The ASPCA also recommends that leashes—particularly those in urban areas—be kept to six feet or less and be thick enough for walkers, people on rollerblades, bicyclers, and joggers to see.

Get a License – Being sure to purchase a license for your pet is not only a legal requirement in many communities, but could help identify a lost pet and pays for animal control efforts. A license also shows that you take being a pet owner seriously and participate in your community’s efforts to document pet ownership.

Scoop the Poop – Seems obvious, but there are those sidewalks and parks with a ridiculous number of landmines. Also, animal feces can have parasites and present other health issues, especially for young children.

Peeing – Gardeners often put a lot of effort into their flower beds, bushes and trees, so be respectful and try to avoid letting your dog pee on them.

Commands – Being in control of your pet is more than simply having a leash. From an early age it is important to train your dog to obey what have become known as the Four Basic Commands: sit/stay, heal, leave it, and come.

Noise – If loud noises cause your dog to become scared, nervous and/or act out in some way, stay aware of the potential for a loud noise such as a car horn or siren to occur. Also try to avoid having your dog surprised by a sudden movement or commotion near him or her such as a bicyclist or jogger passing from behind.

Tying Your Dog Up – Leaving your dog tied to a tree or post while you get a drink or shop means others have to avoid your dog. This is worse if your dog has trouble when it can’t see you or becomes anxious when tied.

Bad Apples – Even though most pet owners are responsible and considerate, there are always a few bad apples out there that give all pet owners a bad name. If you see someone not picking up after their pet or allowing their dog to be a nuisance, find a way to politely remind them that manners and pet etiquette are important.

For more, visit: the ASPCA's website on urban dog etiquette.

Whiskers are very important in what makes a cat a cat. In fact, they are specialized tools that have many important functions including navigating, avoiding injury, hunting and social interaction.

If you look closely at your cat's face, you can see that the whiskers on the upper part of the lip are arranged in four rows on each side. Notice the upper two rows can move independently of the bottom two rows. These whiskers develop from specialized hair follicles that assist a cat's sense of touch. The follicles also have specialized muscle attachments, allowing the cat to have some control over whisker movement.

The whisker hair has no sensation and can be cut without causing any discomfort. However, any movement or touch to the whisker causes sensation to the hair follicle's nerve supply. It's definitely best to leave the whiskers and the whisker hair alone. Whiskers are too important to take the chance of confusing your feline, or causing your cat to feel disjointed.

Whiskers are an important part of a cat's sense of touch. This is especially true in the first 10 to 14 days of a kitten's life, when their eyes are not yet open. They navigate their surroundings mainly by sense of touch.

Have you ever seen newborn kittens moving about and bobbing their heads back and forth? They are collecting data through their whiskers. Their whiskers help them find mom and hone in on dinner. Whiskers act like antennae, warning them about impending danger, as well as helping them learn about their new home and surroundings.

As they get older, whiskers help cats navigate through danger and obstacles. Although cats have excellent night vision, it is a fallacy that they can see in absolute darkness. Their whiskers are what enable them to find their way in complete darkness. Even in perfect light, whiskers help tremendously.

Different whiskers do different things - the whiskers above the eyes help them avoid eye injuries and the upper lip whiskers can even help a cat decide if an opening is large enough for its body to pass.

One of the most important functions of whiskers is assisting the cat to hunt. A cat can sense the movement of its prey through air currents on its whiskers. This enables the cat to pinpoint exactly the location of the prey.

When a cat is pouncing on its prey, the whiskers are pointed as far forward as possible. This assists the cat in accurately catching its prey. The sensitive hair follicles associated with the whiskers tell the cat when its prey is dead. The dead prey can be put down without the possibility of having it escape.

Whiskers are also used for purely social purposes. When introduced to a new cat, part of the greeting ritual is touching whiskers - on the back, on the neck and on the flanks.

Whiskers also communicate emotions; when pushed forward they indicate openness and friendliness, when pushed back against the cheek, they indicate hostility.

You can see why your cat is proud of its whiskers. Remember - NEVER trim whiskers. They are an important part of your cats' anatomy and most importantly, they add a majestic appearance to you feline friend. Watch and learn next time your cat is stalking its favorite toy or greeting another kitty.

The Special Needs of Newborn Puppies

When it comes to adequate nutrition, one of the most critical times in a puppy's life is immediately following birth. At this time, the bitch produces a special type of milk called colostrum, which contains antibodies that newborn puppies absorb through their intestine. These antibodies provide temporary immunity for the puppy, offering it protection from a variety of infectious diseases.

Since the puppy's intestine can only absorb these antibodies during the first 24 hours of life, it is vitally important that it receives adequate colostrum during this period. After this 24 hour period, the colostrum changes, and within three to four days, the mother is producing mature milk.

To determine if the newborn puppy is growing normally, consider weighing the animal daily during the first two weeks and then every three to four days until weaning. During the first three to four weeks of life, puppies should gain one to two grams per day for every pound they're expected to weigh as an adult. For example, if the anticipated adult weight is 25 pounds, the puppy should be gaining 25 to 50 grams daily.

Puppies should nurse a minimum of four to six times daily. In healthy puppies, the mother's milk is adequate for normal growth until about four weeks of age. After this time, milk alone cannot meet the nutrients needed for normal development, therefore supplemental feeding should begin.

Introducing Solid Food

We recommend these guidelines when introducing supplemental food:

• Start semi-solid food at three to four weeks of age.
• Feed a thick gruel of dry puppy diet mixed with warm water (do not use cow's milk, which may cause diarrhea)
• Place the gruel in a shallow dish (i.e., a pie pan)
• Feed a minimum of three times per day. At each feeding, clean the plate and replace unfinished food with new food.
• Dry puppy food (instead of gruel) can be introduced at six weeks of age

The Rapid Growth Period

Puppies grow most rapidly during the first six months of life. During this period, rapid organ growth occurs. Supplying a complete and balanced diet for growth during this phase is essential for normal development. Energy requirements during this period of development are greater than for any other stage in life (except for a female at the end of pregnancy and during lactation). The energy needs of a rapidly growing puppy are three times the needs of an adult dog.

Similarly, the protein requirement of growing puppies is greater than that of adult dogs. Because puppies have higher energy needs and eat more food than adult dogs, the total amount of protein they consume is naturally higher.

Pet foods for growing puppies should contain more protein than foods developed for adult dogs. More importantly, the protein contained in the food should be high quality. The recommended minimum percentage of energy supplied by protein in the diet for a growing puppy is 26 percent.

Food Quality and Energy Requirements

Growing puppies have large requirements for both energy and nutrients. The problem is that they have less digestive capacity (smaller stomachs and intestines), smaller mouths, and smaller and fewer teeth than adults. These differences limit the amount of food a puppy can eat and digest at one time.

The potentially negative effects of poor food quality are far reaching. If a diet contains poor quality protein or is low in energy density, a larger amount of food must be consumed. Moreover, the limits of the puppy's small stomach may be reached before adequate nutrients have been consumed, resulting in decreased growth and impaired muscular and skeletal development.

Also remember that growing puppies should not be overfed. Mild overfeeding early in life can lead to an accelerated growth rate. Primarily in large breeds of dogs, an accelerated growth rate can also result in development of several skeletal disorders, including osteodystrophy, osteochondrosis, and hip dysplasia.

In contrast, feeding growing puppies a moderately restricted level of a well-balanced diet does not affect final body size or development. Based on the latest research, feeding to achieve an average (rather than maximal) growth rate for the dog's particular breed is highly recommended. Strict portion-controlled feeding and frequent assessment of weight gain and body condition are important steps toward realizing this goal. Three small meals per day should be provided until the puppy is four months of age, after which two meals per day should be fed.

Practical Feeding Tips

After puppies are weaned, they should be fed a diet specifically formulated for growth. The food should be guaranteed Nutritionally Adequate for Growth or for All Life Stages, as demonstrated in the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) feeding trials.

For adequate nutrition for growing puppies, consider the following guidelines:

• Feed a highly digestible, nutrient-dense diet specifically formulated for growth
• Feed regular meals and use a portion-controlled regimen
• Try to feed the meals at the same time each day
• Feed three meals daily up to four months of age, and two meals daily afterward
• Feed to achieve average growth rate for the pet's breed, and to support a lean body condition
• Avoid overfeeding or feeding to promote maximal growth rate
• Provide regular daily exercise
• Do not add nutrient supplements to the puppy's balanced diet (adding dietary supplements to a balanced diet is unnecessary and may even be detrimental)

Adequate nutrition is an important component of a puppy's overall growth and development. The guidelines above can help you provide optimal nutrition to meet the diverse needs of growing puppies. If you have questions regarding the proper food for your puppy or adult dog, talk to a staff member at your local veterinary hospital. These professionals know what food is right for your pet.

We all claim that we have the smartest cat. And maybe you do. But is your cat a musical genius?

Ketzel, a cat from the Upper West Side of Manhattan, sure was. Ketzel died this summer at the age of nineteen, but has left in her paw steps a musical legacy. Ketzel was a composer – an award-winning composer, in fact, who won a prize at the Paris New Music Review’s One-Minute Competition for a piece she pawed onto her owner's piano one morning in 1996. Morris Cotel, one of Ketzel's owners, was the chairman of the composition department at the Peabody Conservatory, who claimed Ketzel as "one of his best students." Cotel was shocked the morning Ketzel composed her one-minute-wonder, which he claimed to have a "structural elegance … with a beginning, middle, and an end." Cotel took note of his cat’s masterpiece and submitted it to the competition. Although he explained the composer's identity in the entry form, the judges were not told that "Piece for Piano, Four Paws," truly was written by four paws.

Ketzel's piece premiered in 1998 in Peabody. It was later performed in Europe, over public radio, and at the Museum of the City of New York, where the composer herself was in attendance. After announcing Ketzel's piece, a meow was heard from the back of the hall acknowledging her new claim to fame.

Now that is one smart cat.